Overview

Fertility restoration surgery aims to correct structural issues causing infertility in men or women. Some conditions that can be addressed through surgery include endometriosis, fibroids, polyps, and other reproductive organ problems. The specific procedures vary based on the underlying issue. For women, options may include tubal ligation reversal, removal of fibroids or cysts, or repair of damaged fallopian tubes. In men, vasectomy reversal or treatment for varicoceles are common procedures.

About Fertility Restoration Surgery

Fertility restoration surgery aims to correct structural issues causing infertility in men or women. Some conditions that can be addressed through surgery include endometriosis, fibroids, polyps, and other reproductive organ problems.

What is Fertility Restoration Surgery? 

Fertility restoration surgery aims to correct structural issues causing infertility in both men and women. These surgical procedures address conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, polyps, and other reproductive organ problems. For women, fertility restoration surgery may involve tubal ligation reversal, removal of fibroids or cysts, or repair of damaged fallopian tubes. In men, vasectomy reversal or treatment for varicoceles are common interventions. The specific approach depends on the underlying issue and individual circumstances. Consulting with a fertility specialist is crucial to determine the most suitable treatment path. The goal is to enhance fertility and provide hope for those seeking to build a family.

Female Fertility Restoration Surgery

Female fertility restoration surgery aims to address structural issues that may hinder conception. While surgical fertility treatments are less common today due to the success of other approaches, they remain relevant in specific cases. Here are some surgical options:

• Tubal Ligation Reversal: This procedure is suitable for women who have previously undergone tubal ligation (having their fallopian tubes tied or cauterized). Laparoscopic or hysteroscopic surgery can restore fertility by reconnecting the fallopian tubes.

• Uterine Transplant: Uterine transplant surgery is a groundbreaking option for women born without a uterus or those who have had their uterus removed due to benign or cancerous conditions. A successful transplant can offer hope for fertility and a chance to carry a pregnancy.

• Ovarian Cystectomy: A laparoscopic surgery to remove cysts from the ovaries. It helps preserve ovarian function and fertility.

• Endometriosis Excision: Surgical removal of endometriosis lesions, which can affect fertility. Excision aims to improve reproductive outcomes.

• Hysteroscopic Procedures: These involve examining and treating the uterine cavity. Examples include removing polyps, fibroids, or scar tissue.

• Laparoscopy: Minimally invasive surgery to assess fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus. It identifies conditions like endometriosis, adhesions, or tubal blockages.

Female infertility conditions treated by surgery

• Endometriosis: Endometriosis is an often-painful condition where tissue similar to the inner lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. It commonly affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis. Endometriosis can lead to symptoms such as painful periods (dysmenorrhea), pain during or after sex, discomfort with bowel movements or urination, and excessive bleeding. It may also contribute to infertility.

• Fallopian tube blockage: Fallopian tube blockage occurs when the tubes connecting the ovaries and the uterus are obstructed. These tubes play a crucial role in fertility, as they transport eggs for fertilization. Common causes of blockage include scar tissue, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and past surgeries. While blocked tubes can lead to infertility, treatments such as surgery or in vitro fertilization (IVF) may offer hope for conception. 

• Uterine fibroids: Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or simply fibroids, are common growths of the uterus. These benign tumors consist of smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and other materials. While some women with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may have heavy or painful periods, pelvic pressure, frequent urination, or pain during sex. 

• Uterine polyps: Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are small, soft growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus (endometrium). They can range in size from a few millimeters (no larger than a sesame seed) to several centimeters (golf-ball-size or larger). These polyps may have a large flat base or be attached by a thin stalk. While most uterine polyps are noncancerous (benign), some can be cancerous or precancerous.

• Pelvic adhesions: Pelvic adhesions are fibrous bands of scar tissue that form between pelvic organs and tissues, causing them to stick together. These adhesions can result from various causes, including previous surgery, infection, inflammation, or endometriosis. They may lead to pain, infertility, and bowel or bladder dysfunction.

• Polycystic ovary syndrome:  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women during their reproductive years. It is characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth (hirsutism), acne, and sometimes infertility. The underlying cause is an imbalance of androgens (male hormones). Women with PCOS may have small fluid-filled cysts in their ovaries, which can lead to irregular ovulation. 

• Egg retrieval: Egg retrieval is a crucial step in in vitro fertilization (IVF). During this procedure, mature eggs (oocytes) are surgically extracted from a woman's ovaries. These retrieved eggs are then combined with the male partner's sperm in a laboratory setting to form embryos. Egg retrieval plays a pivotal role in helping individuals and couples overcome infertility challenges.

Male Fertility Restoration Surgery

Male fertility restoration surgery encompasses various procedures aimed at addressing structural issues that may hinder sperm production, maturation, or delivery. Here are some surgical options:

• Vasectomy Reversal: This procedure is for men who have previously undergone a vasectomy. During a vasectomy reversal, the surgeon reconnects the vas deferens (the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles). Successful reversal allows sperm to be present in the semen again, potentially restoring fertility.

• Varicocelectomy: A varicocele is an enlarged vein within the scrotum that can affect sperm production. Varicocelectomy involves surgically repairing or removing the affected veins to improve sperm quality.

• Epididymal or Vasal Obstruction Correction: Microsurgical techniques can correct blockages in the epididymis (where sperm mature) or the vas deferens (which transports sperm). Clearing these obstructions enhances sperm delivery.

• Ejaculatory Obstruction Correction: Endoscopic procedures can address issues with the ejaculatory ducts, ensuring proper semen flow during ejaculation.

Male infertility conditions treated by surgery

• Sperm duct microsurgery: Sperm duct microsurgery, also known as vasoepididymostomy, is a specialized procedure for treating epididymal obstruction in male infertility. The advantages of these microsurgeries include the ability to father biological children through natural intercourse, and lower overall costs per live baby compared to IVF.

• Epididymovasostomy: Epididymovasostomy, also known as vasoepididymostomy, is a surgical procedure used to reverse a vasectomy. During this complex intervention, the vas deferens (the tube that carries sperm) are directly connected to the epididymis (a small organ at the back of the testicle that holds sperm). Epididymovasostomy aims to restore fertility for individuals who previously underwent a vasectomy.

How is Fertility Restoration Surgery performed?

Fertility restoration surgery varies depending on the specific condition being addressed. Let's explore some common procedures:

• Vasectomy Reversal: This is done to restore continuity of the male reproductive tract after a vasectomy. During this, the surgeon locates the vas deferens (sperm-carrying tubes) on each side. The vas deferens are reconnected microscopically using sutures. Scar tissue from the original vasectomy is removed. Sperm returns to the ejaculate, and natural conception becomes possible.

• Tubal Ligation Reversal (for women): This is done to restore fertility after fallopian tubes have been tied or cauterized. The procedure is typically laparoscopic with robotic assistance. During this, the surgeon makes small incisions in the abdomen. The tubes are carefully reconnected. Scar tissue is excised. Which, allows natural conception by restoring tubal function.

• Endometriosis Excision (for women): This is done to remove endometriosis lesions causing pain and infertility. Tiny incisions are made, and recovery time is usually two weeks. The surgeon excises endometriosis tissue. The results are long-lasting pain relief and improved fertility result.

• Fallopian Tube Recanalization: This is done to clear blockages in fallopian tubes—no incisions; done through the cervix. Contrast liquid was injected to visualize blockage. X-ray guides the procedure. This will restore tubal patency.

Fertility Restoration Surgery Procedure

Who Needs a Fertility Restoration Surgery?

Fertility restoration surgery is relevant for various individuals, depending on their specific circumstances. Here are some common scenarios where such surgery may be necessary:

• Cancer Survivors: People who have undergone cancer treatment (such as chemotherapy or radiation) that may impact their fertility. Fertility preservation techniques, including egg or sperm freezing, can help before cancer treatment begins.

• Congenital Abnormalities: Some individuals are born with structural issues affecting their reproductive organs. Surgical correction can address these congenital abnormalities and improve fertility.

• Gender-Affirming Surgery: Transgender individuals planning to undergo gender-affirming procedures may consider fertility preservation options. Surgery can help maintain the possibility of biological parenthood in the future.

• Blocked Fallopian Tubes or Vas Deferens: Conditions like tubal ligation (tied fallopian tubes) or vasectomy (blocked vas deferens) may require surgical reversal to restore fertility.

The Risks of Fertility Restoration Surgery 

Fertility restoration surgery carries certain risks, although they are generally manageable. Here are some potential risks associated with these procedures:

• Unsuccessful Outcome: There is a small risk that the surgery may not achieve the desired restoration of fertility.

• Wound Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a possibility of infection at the incision site.

• Bruising: Some bruising around the surgical area is common.

• Hematoma Formation: Hematomas (collections of blood) can occur near the surgical site.

• Anesthetic-Related Complications: Reactions to anesthesia can occur, although they are rare.

• Injury to Blood Vessels or Organs: During surgery, there is a slight risk of unintentional damage to blood vessels, the urinary tract, or the bowel.

The Benefits of Reproductive Surgery

Fertility restoration surgery offers several benefits for individuals seeking to enhance their reproductive potential. Here are some key advantages:

• Addressing Underlying Causes: Fertility surgery can correct structural issues that hinder conception. Whether it's unblocking fallopian tubes, removing fibroids, or reversing vasectomies, these procedures directly target the root cause of infertility.

• Improved Chances of Natural Conception: By restoring normal reproductive anatomy, fertility restoration surgery increases the likelihood of natural pregnancy. For example, tubal ligation reversal allows women to conceive without assisted reproductive technologies.

• Personalized Treatment Plans: Surgical interventions are tailored to each individual's needs. Specialists assess the specific condition and recommend the most suitable approach, considering factors like age, health, and reproductive goals.

• Less Invasive: Fertility surgery is often minimally invasive, resulting in shorter recovery times and reduced postoperative discomfort compared to more extensive procedures.

• Multiple Children: Some surgeries fix the cause of infertility during the procedure, allowing individuals to have multiple children if desired. For instance, addressing tubal blockages ensures future fertility.

Fertility Restoration Surgery in Iran

Equipped hospitals, and advanced specialized centers with experienced doctors and specialists are available in all medical treatment areas in Iran. Also, good hotels and entertainment centers have made Iran an appropriate choice for patients who are struggling with getting pregnant and need Fertility Restoration Surgery.

Why Is Iran the Best Place for Doing Fertility Restoration Surgery? 

Iran has emerged as a leading destination for fertility restoration surgery, particularly IVF (in vitro fertilization). Here's why it's considered an excellent choice:

• Medical Expertise: Iran boasts over 50 fertility centers with skilled reproductive endocrinologists. These experts have extensive experience in infertility research and treatment, making Iran a hub for effective solutions.

• Advanced Methods: IVF clinics in Iran utilize cutting-edge techniques and state-of-the-art equipment. They stay updated with the latest evidence, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients.

• Affordability: Iranian clinics offer high-quality services at affordable prices. This cost-effectiveness attracts patients from around the world seeking fertility treatments.

• Comprehensive Options: Beyond IVF, Iran provides a range of complementary treatments, including PGD, PGS, egg/sperm donation, surrogacy, and TESE. Couples with diverse needs find suitable therapeutic options.

• Cultural Acceptance: While fertility treatments were once met with skepticism, Iran has embraced these procedures. Families and cultures now recognize their importance, fostering a supportive environment for patients.

Iran combines medical excellence, affordability, and a welcoming atmosphere, making it an ideal destination for those seeking fertility restoration surgery.

Fertility Restoration Surgery Cost in Iran 

Fertility restoration surgery in Iran offers a cost-effective solution for individuals seeking to overcome infertility. The average cost of Fertility restoration surgery in Iran varies due to the particular treatment one may need. For example, the cost of tubal ligation reversal surgery in Iran can vary based on several factors. Generally, it ranges from 9000-30000 USD & the cost of a vasectomy reversal in Iran falls between 5000-15000 USD. This price is remarkably lower than in developed countries like the United States or Europe. Iranian infertility treatment clinics achieve impressive success rates. Their skilled specialists and modern technologies contribute to these positive outcomes. The country is a pioneer in fertility treatment, with a commitment to helping infertile couples. Iran combines affordability, expertise, and legal support, making it an excellent choice for fertility restoration surgery.